What is the menopause?

Those born as female are born with up to three million eggs. These are gradually lost throughout their life with most eggs dying off through a process known as atresia. Only a small percentage are actually lost to ovulation. On average, those born as female have an average of 400,000 eggs when entering their first cycle - reducing to around 10,000 by the time the menopause starts.

When the menopause starts, eggs become resistant to a reproductive follicle-stimulating hormone known as FSH which dramatically reduces the production of oestrogen. This is believed to be the cause of the symptoms associated with the menopause.

Sometimes, conditions such as cancer, where chemotherapy may be given, or surgery where the removal of the ovaries is required, can induce early menopause. This can result in more severe symptoms.

• Irregular periods.

• Hot flushes/night sweats.

• Vaginal dryness.

• Concentration and memory problems.

• Mood changes and anxiety.

As the menopause is a natural part of the ageing process among most people born as female, treatments are focused on managing signs and symptoms. There are a range of treatments to help relieve pain, symptoms and help to prevent chronic conditions that may occur.

• Surgical options – such as the MonaLisa Touch®.

• Pharmacological options – such as Hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

• Mental Health support options such as Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are often helpful for conditions such as stress and anxiety which can be common during the menopause.

• Lifestyle options - such as diet, exercise and sleep adjustments can all help, too.

• Herbal options – such as red clover, black cohosh, oil of evening primrose. However, if you wish to trial these options, they may take up to three months to work and you must ensure you have informed your GP or pharmacist that you are using these products.